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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(7): 879-888, jul. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424156

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of cirrhosis associated with a reduced survival. The presence of high-flux spontaneous porto-systemic shunts can induce HE even in patients with preserved liver function. AIM: To evaluate the effect of spontaneous porto-systemic shunt embolization (SPSE) over HE and its long-term evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 11 patients (91% males) with severe HE non-responsive to medical treatment in whom a SPSE was performed. The grade of HE (employing West Haven score), survival, MELD and Child-Pugh score, ammonia levels, degree of disability (employing the modified Rankin scale (mRs)) were evaluated before and at thirty days after procedure. RESULTS: The most common etiology found was non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (63.6%). A reduction of at least two score points of HE was observed in all patients after thirty days. There was a significant reduction on median (IQR) West Haven score from 3 (2-3) at baseline to 1 (0-1) after the procedure (p < 0.01). Twelve months survival was 63.6%. There was a decrease in median ammonia level from 106.5 (79-165) (ug/dL) to 56 (43-61) after SPSE (p = 0.006). The median mRS score before and after the procedure was 3 (3-5) and 1 (1-2.5), respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: According to our experience, SPSE is a feasible and effective alternative to improve HE and functionality of patients with refractory EH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology , Hepatic Encephalopathy/therapy , Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ammonia , Liver Cirrhosis/complications
2.
Guatem. pediátr. ; 2(1): 17-25, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-981219

ABSTRACT

La enterocolitis necrosante (ECN) es la urgencia gastrointestinal más frecuente en lactantes pretérmino. En el Hospital Roosevelt la mortalidad secundaria a la misma fue del 40% en el año 2009. Según literatura internacional, de los pacientes que sobreviven, aproximadamente 25% presentarán secuelas de larga duración como retraso en el neurodesarrollo y desnutrición; sin embargo, en Guatemala no se tienen datos al respecto.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Nutritional Status , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Growth , Neurology
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 30(1): 65-70, 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-592045

ABSTRACT

Los Seudoaneurimas (SA) iatrogénicos de la arteria femoral, se han vuelto más frecuentes debido al aumento en la complejidad de los procedimientos que requieren introductores cada vez de mayor diámetro, asociado a terapias anticoagulantes y/o antiagregantes de largo plazo. El tratamiento estándar de este tipo de lesiones fue por mucho tiempo la cirugía, sin embargo, han aparecido nuevas opciones menos invasivas, como el seguimiento activo, la compresión guiada bajo ultrasonido o la inyección de trombina bajo visión ecográfica Asimismo, se han estudiado cuales son los factores -ya sea asociados a los pacientes o a las técnicas de punción o hemostasia-, que aumentan las posibilidades de desarrollar SA. Esto ha permitido el desarrollo de dispositivos de tipo "sello arterial" como elementos preventivos. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo revisar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de SA, las medidas de prevención -incluido el uso de "sellos arteriales en ciertos pacientes-, así como las opciones terapéuticas disponibles actualmente para el manejo de pacientes con este tipo de lesiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Aneurysm, False/therapy , Femoral Artery/injuries , Iatrogenic Disease , Aneurysm, False/etiology , Aneurysm, False/prevention & control , Diagnosis, Differential , Risk Factors , Thrombin/administration & dosage , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(12): 1475-1479, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583042

ABSTRACT

Background: Heart failure (HF) is characterized, among other features, by the development of alterations in myocardial energy metabolism, involving a decrease in glucose utilization and increased free fatty acid uptake by cardiomyocytes, associated with decreased deposits of high-energy phosphates (creatine phosphate/ creatine transporter). Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows a direct and noninvasive assessment of myocardial metabolites. Aim: To measure myocardial creatine and lipids by MR spectroscopy among patients with HF. Material and Methods: Cardiac MR spectroscopy (1.5 Tesla) with Hydrogen antenna and single voxel acquisition was performed in fve patients with non-ischemic heart failure, aged 58 ± 9.7 years, (60 percent males) and 5 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. We analyzed the signals of creatine (Cr), lipids (L) and water (W) in the interventricular septum, establishing the water/lipid (W/L) and water/creatine (W/Cr) index to normalize the values obtained. Results: Among patients, left ventricular ejection fraction was 32 ± 6.9 percent, 60 percent were in functional capacity II, 60 percent had hypertension and one was diabetic. Spectroscopic curves showed a depletion of total Cr, evidenced by the W/ Cr index, among patients with heart failure, when compared with healthy controls (1.46 ± 1.21 and 5.96 ± 2.25 respectively, p < 0,05). Differences in myocardial lipid content, measured as the W/L index, were not significant (5.06 ± 2.66 and 1.80 ± 1.62 respectively, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Among patients with heart failure of non-ischemic etiology, there is a depletion of creatine levels measured by MR spectroscopy.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Creatine/analysis , Heart Failure/metabolism , Lipids/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Myocardium/chemistry , Case-Control Studies , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Stroke Volume/physiology , Water/chemistry
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(12): 1480-1486, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583043

ABSTRACT

Background: CT pulmonary angiography is the diagnostic procedure of choice for non-massive pulmonary embolism. Aim: To assess the diagnostic yield for thromboembolic disease of CT pulmonary angiography and venography using a 64- slice multidetector tomography. Material and Methods: Prospective study of patients with a clinical suspicion of thromboembolic disease, subjected to CT pulmonary angiography and venography. The presence and location of pulmonary thromboembolism, of isolated or concomitant deep venous thrombosis and of other significant radiological findings, were registered. Results: A 64-MDCT scanner was performed to 893 patients and thromboembolic disease was demonstrated in 240. Pulmonary thromboembolism was diagnosed in 218 patients. It was concomitant with deep venous thrombosis in 79 patients (36 percent) and isolated in the rest. Thirty fve of the 218 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism had radiological evidence of right ventricular overload. Twenty two patients (10 percent) had an isolated deep venous thrombosis. In 65 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (30 percent) a possibly new or old malignant lesion, was observed. Seventy one of 653 patients without evidence of thromboembolic disease had potentially pathological findings on CT. Conclusions: The combined use of CT pulmonary arteriography and venography using a 64 MDCT scanner increases the diagnostic yield of the procedure for thromboembolic disease. It also allows the diagnosis of other related conditions, specially malignant tumors.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism , Thromboembolism , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Angiography/methods , Phlebography/methods , Prospective Studies , Thromboembolism/epidemiology
7.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 29(2): 171-176, ago. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577262

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La resonancia magnética cardiaca (RMC) es una herramienta no invasiva, libre de radiación que permite una evaluación global del corazón. Una de las potencialidades son los estudios de perfusión miocárdica con stress. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia de RMC con stress (RMCS) su correlación con la coronariografía convencional (CC) y su relación con eventos clínicos. Método: En forma prospectiva se incluyeron en un registro todos los pacientes sometidos a RMCS en nuestro servicio entre Enero 2007 y Abril 2009. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a RMCS analizando anatomía, estructura, función global y segmentaria, perfusión stress/reposo y viabilidad miocárdica. Los exámenes fueron realizados en resonadores 1.5 T, en apnea de +/- 10 segundos, con gatilleo ECG retrospectivo y con uso de Gadolinio endovenoso para las fases de perfusión y viabilidad El estudio de stress se realizó con inyección de adenosina ev (140ug/kg/min) tras lo cual se adquirieron las imágenes y comparadas con la fase de reposo. El estudio de viabilidad se realizo a continuación de la fase de reposo. Se consideraron como RMCS positivas aquellas con áreas de hipoperfusión en stress que se recuperaron en reposo. En aquellos pacientes que fueron sometidos a CC dentro de los 3 meses de realizado la RMCS, se realizó correlación entre ambos métodos, considerando presencia y localización de la enfermedad coronaria. Se consideraron significativas las lesiones >70 por ciento de estenosis luminal. Resultados: Incluimos 71 pacientes que fueron estudiados durante el periodo indicado. Las indicaciones para los exámenes fueron: estudio viabilidad e insuficiencia cardiaca (64 por ciento); sospecha de cardiopatía coronaria (36 por ciento). Las características del grupo fueron: Hombres 72 por ciento, Edad 49 +/-7 años; Diabetes 17 por ciento, HTA 13 por ciento, AFCC 15 por ciento, TBQ 20 por ciento. La fracción de eyección promedio fue de 53+/-7 por ciento. El tiempo de examen...


Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non invasive and non ionizing imaging tool that allows a complete cardiovascular evaluation. One of its advantages is the ability to analyze myocardial perfusion with and without stress. Aim: To show our experience using stress perfusion CMR (SPCMR), its correlation with conventional coronary angiography (CCA) and cardiovascular events. Methods: We retrospectively included in the analysis all patients referred to our institution to undergo a SPCMR since January 2007 to April 2009. In all patients we performed a complete evaluation including anatomic, left ventricular function, adenosine stress perfusion and viability study. All the studies were performed in a 1.5 T scanner and 10 seconds breath-hold. Stress perfusion was performed alter iv adenosine bolus (140 ug/Kg/min). Eight minutes after the stress, the rest phase was performed. Viability analysis was done after the iv injection of gadolinium based contrast (0.15 mMol/ kg). A positive SPCMR was considered in those with mismatch areas between stress and rest phases. In those patients who underwent a CCA, we correlated the SP-CMR findings with the presence and location of stenoses equal or greater than 70 percent as significant. Results: We included 71 patients during the mentioned period. Indication for SPCMR were heart failure and viability study (64 percent); coronary ischemia (36 percent). Main baseline characteristics were: Male 7 percent; age 9 +/-7 years; diabetes 17 percent; hypertension 13 percent; previous family history for CAD 15 percent; and tobacco 20 percent. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 53+/-7 percent. Mean time to complete the exam was 50+/-5 minutes. There were not adverse reactions to contrast or adenosine. Thirty one patients (42 percent) underwent CCA. All patients with stenoses greater than 70 percent had a positive SPCMR. Agreement between CCA and SPCMR for ischemia location was 90 percent...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Exercise Test/methods , Adenosine , Coronary Angiography , Gadolinium , Perfusion Imaging , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 27(4): 450-458, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515277

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Tomografía Axial Computada de Multicorte (TACM) de 64 detectores tiene alta sensibilidady especificidad en la detección de lesiones coronarias obstructivas crónicas. La TACM también sería útil enla evaluación de las características de las placas en pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA). Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la TACM en la valoración de placas coronarias complicadas (lesión culpable) en pacientes con SCA sin Supradesnivel del Segmento ST (SDST). Métodos: Se realizó una TACM en 28 pacientes con SCA sin SDST previo a coronariografía estándar (CE).Dos casos se excluyen por imágenes no evaluables. La lesión culpable (LC) fue identificada en la CE por los hallazgos del ECG, alteración de la motilidad segmentaria a la ventriculografía y por la imagen angiográfica de la lesión, mientras que la TACM identificó la LC mediante el ECG y las características de la placa (composición y/o perfil de trombo). Se realizó análisis densitométrico en cortes coronarios transversales en las áreas consideradas de interés a fin de identificar placas blandas (< 50 unidades Hounsfield) y/o perfil de trombo intracoronario. Conjuntamente se realizo un ultrasonido intracoronario (IVUS) en 6 de los 26 casos evaluables por la TACM. El análisis de dichas técnicas fue efectuado por observadores expertos “ciegos” a la técnica alternativa. La correlación entre ambos métodos fue evaluada por coeficiente Kappa Resultados: El grupo quedó compuesto por 16 hombres (61.5%) y 10 mujeres (38.5%), edad promedio de 56.2 +/- 10.1 años, hipertensos 65.4% dislipidémicos 53.8%, tabáquicos 46.2% y diabéticos 19.2%. El dolor torácico tuvo una duración promedio de 56.7 +/- 52.8 min, elevación de troponina 1.1 +/- 2.8 ng/dL y puntaje TIMI 3.0 +/- 1.0. Se objetivó 44 lesiones coronarias significativas (estenosis > 50%) por análisis cuantitativo por CE de las cuales 39 fueron detectadas exitosamente...


Background: sixty four detector Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is highly sensitive and specific to detectchronic obstructive coronary lesions. It has been suggested that MSCT could be useful to assess coronary plaque traits in patients with NST elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aim: to evaluate the usefulness of MSCT for the characterization of culprit lesions (complicated plaques) in patients with NST elevation ACS. Method: Prior to conventional coronary angiography, MSCT was performed in 28 patients with NST elevation ACS. 2 cases were excluded due to poor images. Culprit lesion was identified by coronary angiography based on ECG and wall motion abnormalities. Plaque characteristics, composition and presence of thrombi, and ECG were used to identified the culprit lesion in MSCT. Densitometric analysis of cross sectional views was used to identify soft plaques (<50 Hounsfield units). Intracoronary ultrasound (IVUS) was performed in 6 of 26 patients with adequate MSCT imaging. Findings of angiography and MSCT were analyzed separately by observers blinded to the alternative diagnostic modality. Correlation between both groups were valuated using kappa coefficient. Results: There were 16 males (61.5%), the mean age was 56.2 +/-10.1 years. Hypertension was present in 65.4%, dyslipidemia in 53.8%, 46.2% were smokers and 19.2% had Diabetes. Chest pain lasted 56.7 +/- 52.8 min, troponin was 1.1 +/-2.8 nG/dL and TIMI flow was 3.0 +/-1.0. Forty four significant coronary lesions (>50% stenosis) were identified by quantitative angiography; 39 of them were correctly identified by MSCT. A culprit lesion was detected in 17 patients (65.3%) and was not seen in 9 (34.6%); MSCT identified a culprit lesion in 16 cases (61.5%) while 8 cases did not show such lesion (30.8%); One case had a segment not amenableto evaluation (coronary angiography did not show...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Myocardial Ischemia , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Coronary Angiography/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Coronary Vessels/pathology
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(4): 496-501, abr. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484926

ABSTRACT

Chemoembolization is a therapeutic alternative for those patients with hepatocarcinoma that cannot be excised surgically or that are waiting a liver allograft. We report two patients with hepatocarcinoma who were subjected to chemoembolization. A 65 years old male with a chronic liver disease and right lobe hepatocarcinoma, waiting for a liver transplantation, was subjected to two sessions, of chemoembolization four weeks apart. A magnetic resonance showed a 80 percent reduction of tumor volume one month later. A 72 years old diabetic male with an alcoholic liver disease with two hepatocarcinoma in the right lobe was subjected to two sessions of chemoembolization, separated by four weeks. A magnetic resonance one month later showed the absence of blood flow in both lesions, suggesting complete necrosis.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic/methods , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Angioplasty , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Chronic Disease , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Liver Neoplasms , Liver Transplantation/pathology , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Preoperative Care , Treatment Outcome
10.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 53(1): 44-47, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781065

ABSTRACT

Los niños pueden ingerir cualquier objeto, impulsados por su curiosidad y afán de reconocer objetos y de modo accidental en un 80% ocurren en la infancia. Por fortuna en la mayor parte de casos se expulsa sin problemas con la materia fecal, requiriendo extracción endoscópica solo en 10-20% de ellos y cirugía en < del 1%. En realidad es imposible mencionar todos los cuerpos extraños que pueden ingerir los niños. Se describe dos casos de ingesta de pilas de litio, en los que se realizó la extracción respectiva por vía endoscópica evidenciándose lesiones clínicas en hipofaringe y esófago. Realizamos una mención de la ingesta de cuerpos extraños ingeridos en general, con énfasis en una actualización sobre la ingesta de pilas alcalinas.


Children can ingest anything driven by curiosity and eagerness to identify objects; eighty percent of accidents occur during infancy. Fortunately, in most cases, objects are eliminated without problems with faeces, requiring endoscopic extraction only in 10-20% of the cases, and surgery in less than 1%. It is virtually impossible to mention all the objects that children can eat. We describe two cases of ingestion of lithium batteries, where the respective extraction was performed by endoscopy and clinical lesions were found in the hypopharinx and oesophagus. We mention the ingestion of objects in general with emphasis on the actualization of ingestion of alkaline batteries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Esophagitis/surgery , Esophagitis/diagnosis , Esophagitis , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Lung Injury/complications , Button-Cell Batteries/methods , Endoscopy, Digestive System/rehabilitation , Pharyngitis/surgery , Pharyngitis
11.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 53(1): 48-51, 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781066

ABSTRACT

El Páncreas Anular es una de las malformaciones congénitas extrínsecas más frecuentes de durante el desarrollo del intestino cefálico, quecausa una obstrucción parcial o completa en la segunda porción del duodeno. Presentamos el caso de una lactante de cuatro semanas deedad, transferida de la ciudad de Oruro al Hospital del Niño de la ciudad de La Paz, por emesis incoercible y bajo peso; estudios radiológicossugieren cuadro duodenal obstructivo, evidenciándose el mismo en el acto quirúrgico, originado por páncreas anular...


The annular pancreas is one of the most frequent congenital malformations that occur during the development of the intestine causing a partial or complete obstruction of the second portion of the duodenum. We present the case of a four weeks old baby girl who was transferred from the city of Oruro to the Hospital del Niño (Children’s Hospital) in La Paz due to incontrollable vomiting and low weight. The abdominal x-ray suggested duodenal obstruction that was evident on surgery, caused by annular pancreas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Intestinal Atresia , Duodenal Obstruction/congenital , Pancreas/abnormalities , Constriction, Pathologic/diagnosis , Pancreas/surgery , Pancreas/embryology , Vomiting
12.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 53(1): 52-55, 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781067

ABSTRACT

En climas templados, yungas (zona intermedia entre valle y trópico) y trópico, prevalecen dos parásitos hematófagos: Necator americanusy Ancylostoma duodenale, responsable de una anemia crónica, que lleva a los niños a tener niveles tan bajos de Hb, que a veces sonconsiderados incompatibles con la vida; rara vez originan sangrado agudo severo.Describimos el caso de un niño, de seis meses de edad, procedente de Coroico (Nor Yungas) con disentería inicial, misma que luego secomplica con melenas y rectorragia de sangre rutilante que origina una hipovolemia severa, rayana en el choque. Sometido a exploraciónquirúrgica por persistencia del sangrado, previo gammagrafía para descartar un divertículo de Meckel, no se halla el sitio de sangradopor lo que se realiza laparotomía exploratoria y posteriormente una endoscopía, identifi cándose en duodeno foco de sangrado originadopor parásitos, que por su morfología se asume que se trate de Necator americanus. Con este diagnóstico, recibe transfusiones para suestabilizar su hipovolemia y Mebendazol, con buena evolución, remisión del sangrado de tubo digestivo, y buena tolerancia a la alimentación.El “sangrado agudo” por uncinarias, es excepcional, hecho que justifi ca la presentación del caso y permite realizar un recordatorio breve delos mecanismos responsables de ello...


In temperate climate, yungas (intermediate zone between valley and tropical lowland), two blood sucking parasites are prevalent: Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, responsible for chronic anaemia in children that causes extremely low Hb levels sometimesconsidered as incompatible with life; only in rare cases acute bleeding occurs.We describe the case of a six months old child stemming from Coroico (Nor Yungas) initially with dysentery that becomes complicated by melaena and rectal bleeding originating severe hypovolaemia bordering on shock. After gammagraphy in order to exclude Meckel’s diverticle, the child was submitted to surgical exploration, where no source of bleeding could be found, therefore an explorative laparotomy was performed and later on an endoscopy, where the source of bleeding was identifi ed in the duodenum as caused by the parasite Necator Americanus. With this diagnose, blood transfusions were administered to the child in order to stabilize the hypovolaemia and Mebendazol was given. The evolution was good, the bleeding stopped and feeding was well tolerated.Acute bleeding caused by hook worms is exceptional; therefore we present this case as a short reminder of the responsible mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Hypovolemia/surgery , Hypovolemia/etiology , Hypovolemia/physiopathology , Necator/classification , Necator/growth & development , Necator/parasitology
13.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 53(1): 60-67, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781069

ABSTRACT

La malnutrición afecta a más de 50 millones de niños de menos de 5 años en los países en desarrollo. Pese al tratamiento, la tasa de mortalidad llega al 50 % en algunos países. Hasta 1990, uno de cada cuatro niños con malnutrición grave fallecía durante el tratamiento. La tasa de letalidad no se modifi có durante los cinco últimos decenios (estudio de más de 60 países). Actualmente hay principios de tratamiento con fundamentos científi cos indiscutibles y la aplicación del protocolos recomendado por OMS - motivo de la presente actualización- reduce costos, letalidad hospitalaria, logra una rehabilitación integral y su aplicación ha originado una caída de la mortalidad a menos del 5% 1 .Se destaca la mortalidad asociada a desnutrición severa, aún pese al tratamiento y realizamos una actualización del tratamiento del desnutrido edematoso grave, presentando el caso de un niño de 1 año de edad, ingresado a la Unidad de Gastroenterología del Hospital del Niño de la Ciudad de La Paz, cuyo cuadro clínico tiene tres semanas de evolución con una enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA), que se asocia a marcado compromiso del estado general y edema generalizado. El examen físico de ingreso clasifi ca al niño como desnutrido edematoso grave complicado y por su estado clínico crítico e inestabilidad hemodinámica, es transferido a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), donde pese al manejo especializado y oportuno, el niño fallece.


Malnutrition affects more than 5 million children under 5 years of age in developing countries. In spite of treatment, the mortality rate reaches 50% in some countries. Until 1990, one out of each of four children with severe malnutrition died during treatment .The rate of lethality did not change during the last fi ve decades (studies from over 60 countries). At the present, there exist principles of treatment with indisputable scientifi c bases, and the application of the protocol recommended by WHO - reason for the present actualization - reduces costs, lethality in the hospital, reaches a complete rehabilitation, and its application has originated a fall in mortality to less than 5%.We present the case of a one year-old little boy, admitted to the Gastroenterology Unit of the Children’s Hospital in La Paz whose condition had an evolution of three weeks with an acute diarrheic disease (EDA), associated to a very poor overall state and generalized oedema. The physical exam upon admission, classifi ed the child as mixed undernourished, and due to his critical condition and hemodynamic instability he was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (UTI), where in spite of the specialized and appropriate treatment, the child died. We publish this case in order to point out the mortality associated withsevere malnutrition in spite of the treatment in the UTI, and we present an actualization of the treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology , Child Nutrition Disorders/blood
14.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 53(2): 59-65, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781080

ABSTRACT

La tos, en todas las edades y sobre todo en los niños,es muy frecuente, siendo esta la expresión clínica demuchas condiciones patológicas. Dado que existendiversos criterios referentes a su manejo y son lospadres o responsables de los niños los que más seangustian por su presencia, en la presente actualizaciónse pretende revisar los principales aspectos inherentesal diagnóstico y manejo de este signo clínico...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/etiology , Cough/metabolism
15.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 52(1): 64-68, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784049

ABSTRACT

El teratoma maduro es una patología que se presenta con poca frecuencia en región cráneo facial ya que en la literatura se describen con mayor frecuencia los teratomas en región sacro coccigea. En niños aparece a muy corta edad y en niñas cerca de la pubertad de localización ovárica. Estos tumores deben ser sometidos a resección quirúrgica, trantando de extirparlo en su totalidad para evitar su recidiva. Presentamos el caso de un neonato de 4 días de edad que ingresa al Hospital del Niño de la ciudad de La Paz por presentar una tumoración en región cráneo facial lateral derecha, de consistencia mixta, base no movible, con una dimensión de 10 cm x 10 cm. A objeto de llegar a un diagnóstico que permita la exéresis del tumor, se realizaron varios exámenes complementarios los cuales finalmente posibilitaron su retiro quirúrgico, correspondiendo el tumor a un teratoma maduro cráneo facial derecho. Se publica el presente caso por su localización y dimensiones inusuales.


The ripe teratoma is a pathology that appears seldom in the craneofacial region, since in the literature the teratomas in the sacrococcigeal area are described more often. In boys it appears at a veryyoung age, and in girls close to puberty being localized in the ovaries.These tumours must be surgically excised, trying to extirpate themtotally in order to avoid reappearance of the growth.We present the case of a 4 days old newborn who was admitted tothe Hospital del Niño in La Paz, due to a tumour in the right lateralcraneo facial region, of mixed consistence, base not movable, with adimension of 10 cm x 10 cm.With the purpose to arrive at a diagnose that permitted the excisionof the tumour, various complementary examinations were carried outwhich finally made the surgical extirpation possible being the tumoura ripe right craneo facial teratoma. We publish the present casebecause of its unusual localization and dimensions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , Teratoma/embryology , Skull Neoplasms/diagnosis , Teratoma/diagnosis
16.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 52(1): 78-81, 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784051

ABSTRACT

La ascariasis es una parasitosis cosmopolita, frecuente en la población infantil a nivel mundial, dado que no requiere factores climáticos o ambientales especiales. Ingresa al organismo por ingesta de huevos, cumpliendo un ciclo hístico-tisular trans-alveolocapilar en su desarrollo para retomar al yeyuno como parásito adulto, etapa en la cual tiene una movilidad exagerada cuando se altera la homeostasis (sobre todo fiebre en los niños), pudiendo migrar a diferentes sitios originando diversas complicaciones entre las que destaca la migración a vía biliar y su enclavamiento. Presentamos el caso de una escolar de 8 años de edad, procedente de Beni, que consulta por dolor abdominal severisimo en flanco derecho de diez días de evolución, irradiado a epigastrio. Se interna en el Hospital de San Borja y al no ser controlado el cuadro, es remitido al Hospital del Niño de la ciudad de La Paz , donde se encuentran dos Ascaris móviles en interior de vesícula y colédoco en la ecografía. Se administra pamoato de pirantel, sin disminución inicial del dolor, mismo que por su intensidad, tiempo de evolución, se decide programarla para cirugía; ante ls atenuación del dolor se solicita control ecográfico en el que se evidencia la salida espontánea de los parásitos, por lo que se continua con una conducta conservadora, con buena evaluación.


The Ascaris is a cosmopolitan parasite, frequent in children inthe whole world, since it does not need any special climatic orenvironmental factors for its growth and development.It enters the organism by intake of eggs, completing a histicaltissuetransalveolar capillary cycle in its development returning tothe jejunum as adult parasite. In this stage it has an exaggeratedmobility when the homoeostasis is altered (principally fever inchildren), being able to migrate to different locations causing diversecomplications, among which the migration to bilious conducts standsout with the ascaris´ enclosure.We present the case of an 8 year-old school boy, who came from theBeni with extremely severe abdominal pain on the right side with anevolution of 10 days and irradiation to the epigastrium. The boy hadbeen admitted to the hospital of San Borja, and since his problemwas not solved, he was transferred to the Hospital del Niño in la Paz,where two mobile ascaris were found inside the gall bladder and thecholedoco in the echography. Pamoato of pirantel was administered,without initial decrease of the pain. Due to the intensity, and the timeof evolution of the pain, surgery was considered. When the pain wasattenuated an echographic control was made that showed thespontaneous exit of the parasites. For this reason, the conservativetreatment was continued with a positive evolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Ascariasis/complications , Ascaris lumbricoides/pathogenicity , Gallbladder/parasitology , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Abdominal Pain/parasitology
18.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 52(2): 66-70, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784071

ABSTRACT

Se describe el caso clínico de una niña, de dos años y cuatro meses de edad, que consulta por rectorragia severa, luego de una disentería. La colonoscopía realizada a las tres horas del sangrado, reveló úlceras en todo el colon y el estudio histopatológico describe una colitis ulcerativa crónica en fase activa; es manejada solo condieta, probióticos y ceftriaxona, con mejoría del cuadro clínico. Dos colonoscopías de control muestran rectosigmoiditis inespecifica, con franca remisión de las úlceras. La estadística de colitis ulcerosa(CU) registrada en el Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés de La Paz, donde también se realizan todos los estudios endoscópicos del Hospital del Niño, muestra que el caso expuesto corresponde a la niña de menor edad reportada en nuestro medio hasta la fecha de la presente divulgación, aun que está descrita en laliteratura internacional la CU en lactantes de meses de edad (2). Esta circunstancia, junto a la remisión sin el uso de drogas específicas para la CU de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), obligan aplantear el diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades que originan hemorragia digestiva baja con úlceras colónicas. Lo anterior, junto a los hallazgos endoscópico e histopatológico que inicialmente sugerían una CU como parte de la EII, la remisión progresiva consolo medidas dietéticas a perfilado el diagnóstico fi nal de una colitis ulcerosa inespecífica que amerita diagnósticos diferenciales por su evolución y por la rectorragia importante que ocasionó, por lo que el autor considera la justificación de esta publicación.


We describe the case of a 2 years and 4 months old girl who was admitted to the hospital for severe bleeding from the rectum after dysentery. Colonoscopy made three hours after the bleeding showed ulcers throughout the colon and the histopathologic exam described an active phase of chronic ulcerative colitis. The treatment is only diet, probiotics and ceftriaxone and the child’s state improves. Two control colonoscopies show an unspecific rectosigmoiditis with a clear remission of the ulcers. Statistics of ulcerative colitis (CU)recorded in the Instituto Gastroenterológico Boliviano Japonés of La Paz, where all the endoscopic studies of the Children’s Hospital are carried out, shows that the present case corresponds to the youngest girl ever reported until now, even though in the international literature, CU is described in babies of only months of age (2). This fact together with the remission of the infl ammatory intestinal disease (EII) without use of CU specifi c drugs, make it necessary to think of differential diagnoses with other diseases with colon ulcers that cause bleedings of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The above together with the endoscopic and histopathologic fi ndings that initially suggested a CU as part of the EII, the progressive remission with only dietetic measures, has drawn the fi nal diagnose of an unspecifi c ulcerative colitis that needs differential diagnosis due to its evolution and the important bleeding that it caused. For these reasons, the author considers this publication justifi ed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Proctocolitis/diagnosis , Colonoscopy/instrumentation , Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation
19.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 51(1): 65-70, 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785478

ABSTRACT

Se presentan tres casos que acudierón al Hospital del Niño Dr. Ovidio Aliaga de la Ciudad de La Paz, por dolor abdominal agudo severo, hecho que sugirió inicialmente patología abdominal y dilucidar en un caso, pielonefritis en otro e incluso pancreatitis en el tercer caso. La observación clínica bajo internación, exploración pulmonar mas minuciosa y el examen radiológico pulmonar, permitieron diagnósticar cuadros neumónicos segmentarios (en dos casos) y una pleuroneumonia en el tercero, la intensidad del dolor fue bastante severa en los tres casos y en uno incluso, se propuso como alternativa final exploración quirurgica.


We are reporting three cases of severea cute abdominal pain that consulted in the Hospital del Niño Dr. Ovidio Aliaga in LaPaz. Initially, this symptom suggested abdominal pathology which had to be clarified in one case, pyelonephritis was suspected in the second, and even pancreatitis in the third case. Clinical observation, once the children were admitted to the Hospital, thorough exploration of the lungs, and chest x-ray, led to the diagnosis of segmentary pneumonia (in two cases), andpleuropneumonia in one case. The intensity of the abdominal pain was severe in all three cases, so that in one of them, even surgical exploration had been considered.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/pathology , Lung Injury/pathology , Abdominal Pain/complications , Lung Injury/diagnosis
20.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 51(2): 52-58, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785489

ABSTRACT

La estenosis hipertrófica de píloro es una anomalía congénita frecuente, caracterizada por la hipertrófia de la capa muscular circular del estomago en la región pílorica, la que requiere de modo obligatorio cirugía para su corrección. La edad usual en la que se presenta el cuadro es de la tercera a la sexta semana, con un cuadro emético no bilioso, progresivamente continuo hasta llegar al estado del vómito permanente e incontrolable. Se publica el caso de un lactante menor de 6 semanas de edad, asintomático hasta dos días previos a su consulta, iniciando su expresión clínica con un cuadro de emésis incoercible que obligó a una ecografía, la misma que no mostraba claramente la patología de base, por lo que se realizó una serie radiográfica esófagogastroduodenal, que revelaba impedimento paso de contraste a duodeno, llegándose al diagnóstico de estenosis y obstrucción pilórica completa, por lo que a las pocas horas de su diagnóstico fue operado con éxito. Por la ausencia de síntomas previos al vómito incoercible, su presentación brusca y la poca ayuda diagnóstica de la ecografía. Se presenta el caso de referencia y se realiza una breve actualización, con énfasis en aspectos de diagnóstico diferencial en casos de vómito para la edad del paciente.


Hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus is a frequent congenital abnormality, characterized by hypertrophy of the circular muscle layer of the stomach in the region of the pylorus which needs obligatory surgery for correction. The common age at which this alteration appears is from three to six weeks with non bilious vomiting that progresses continuously to a state of permanent and incontrollable vomiting We present the case of a less than six weeks old baby which had shown no symptoms until two days previous to consultation, starting clinical signs with uncontrollable vomiting that required an echography which did not clearly show the underlying pathology. For this reason , a series of oesophagogastroduodenal radiographies was performed which showed an obstructed pass of the contrast to the duodenum. Therefore the diagnosis of stenosis and complete pyloric obstruction was made, and a few hours later the baby underwent successful surgery.Due to the absence of symptoms previous to the uncontrollable vomiting, its sudden appearance, and the little diagnostic help of the echography, we report the present case, and make a short actualisation, emphasizing diagnostic aspects and differential diagnosis in cases of vomiting for the age of the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic , Duodenal Obstruction , Diagnosis, Differential , Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic/surgery , Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic/congenital
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